RESUMO
Background: COVID-19 vaccination and shielding targeted hypertensive patients in low and middle income countries. We describe the COVID-19 experiences of hypertensive patients in Colombia and Jamaica and discuss factors associated with vaccine acceptance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022 in 4 randomly selected primary care clinics in Colombia and 10 primary care clinics in Jamaica. Participants in Colombia were randomly selected from an electronic medical record. In Jamaica consecutive participants were selected on clinic days for non-communicable diseases. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were conducted by telephone. Results: 576 participants were recruited (50% Jamaica; 68.5% female). Jamaica's participants were younger (36% vs 23% <60 years) and had a lower proportion of persons with "more than high school" education (17.2% vs 30.3%, p=0.011). Colombia's participants more commonly tested positive for COVID-19 (24.2% vs 6.3%, p<0.001), had a family member or close friend test positive for COVID-19 (54.5% vs, 21.6%; p<0.001), experienced loss of a family member or friend due to COVID-19 (21.5% vs 7.8%, p<0.001) and had vaccination against COVID-19 (90.6% vs 46.7%, p<0.001). Fear of COVID-19 (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.20-6.13) and residence in Colombia (AOR 5.88 (95% CI 2.38-14.56) were associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Disruption in health services affecting prescription of medication or access to doctors was low (<10%) for both countries. Conclusion: Health services disruption was low but COVID-19 experiences such as fear of COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance differed significantly between Colombia and Jamaica. Addressing reasons for these differences are important for future pandemic responses.
RESUMO
Introduction: Tracheostomy is one of the most common surgical strategies in intensive care units (ICU) and provides relevant clinical benefit for multiple indications. However, the complications associated with its use range from 5 to 40% according to different series. The risk of these complications could be reduced if fixation strategies and alignment of the tracheostomy tube with respect to the tracheal axis are improved. Aim: To build a functional device of technological innovation in respiratory medicine for the fixation and alignment of tracheostomy cannula (acronym DYNAtraq) and to evaluate its feasibility and safety in a pilot study in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Study carried out in four phases: (1) design engineering and functional prototyping of the device; (2) study of cytotoxicity and tolerance to the force of traction and push; (3) pilot study of feasibility and safety of its use in tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated patients; and (4) health workers satisfaction study. Results: The design of the innovative DYNAtraq device included, on the one hand, a connector with very little additional dead space to be inserted between the cannula and the ventilation tubes, and, on the other hand, a shaft with two supports for adhesion to the skin of the thorax with very high tolerance (several kilograms) to pull and push. In patients, the device corrected the malpositioned tracheostomy tubes for the latero-lateral (p < 0.001) and cephalo-caudal angles (p < 0.001). Its effect was maintained throughout the follow-up time (p < 0.001). The use of DYNAtraq did not induce serious adverse events and showed a 70% protective effect for complications (RR = 0.3, p < 0.001) in patients. Conclusion: DYNAtraq is a new device for respiratory medicine that allows the stabilization, alignment and fixation of tracheostomy tubes in mechanically ventilated patients. Its use provides additional benefits to traditional forms of support as it corrects misalignment and increases tolerance to habitual or forced movements. DYNAtraq is a safe element and can reduce the complications of tracheostomy tubes.
RESUMO
La infección por COVID-19 ha afectado a la población mundial y a los sistemas de salud que le han hecho frente. No obstante, los efectos respiratorios abordados desde fisioterapia aún son inciertos. Por lo tanto, esta revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo establecer las perspectivas de las intervenciones desde la fisioterapia respiratoria en los sujetos infectados con COVID -19 donde se seleccionaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, PEDro y Scielo en la búsqueda de artículos científicos y guías de manejo en idioma de inglés, portugués y español acerca de las bases moleculares y los efectos funcionales del COVID-19 sobre el sistema respiratorio. Se pudo concluir que la fisioterapia respiratoria implica un razonamiento clínico terapéutico acerca de los cambios celulares y morfológicos de los músculos respiratorios que se suscitan desde la patokinesis, intervenciones neumáticas, posicionamiento ventilatorio los cuales determinan efectos positivos en la disminución de complicaciones físicas, estancia hospitalaria y mejoría del desempeño físico y funcional..(Au)
The COVID-19 infection has affected the world's population and the health systems that have coped with it. However, the respiratory effects addressed from physiotherapy are still uncertain. Therefore, this literature review aims to establish the perspectives of interventions from respiratory physiotherapy in subjects infected with COVID-19 where the Pubmed, Medline, PEDro and Scielo databases were selected in the search for scientific articles and management guides in English, Portuguese, and Spanish on the molecular bases and functional effects of COVID-19 on the respiratory system. It was possible to conclude that respiratory physiotherapy implies a therapeutic clinical reasoning about the cellular and morphological changes of the respiratory muscles that arise from pathokinesis, pneumatic interventions, ventilatory positioning which determine positive effects in the reduction of physical complications, hospital stay and improvement of physical and functional performance..(Au)
RESUMO
La pandemia COVID-19 ha causado grandes estragos en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Desde la fisioterapia respiratoria, se propende por realizar intervenciones costo-efectivas basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, para minimizar los efectos funcionales en dichos pacientes con COVID-19. Por ello, se revisó la literatura para cimentar una revisión teórica desde la funcionalidad en lo relacionado a la fisioterapia respiratoria frente a la pandemia. Los resultados incluyeron publicaciones y guías de manejo en español, inglés y portugués acerca de las acciones de los diferentes países frente a los compromisos funcionales que repercuten en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Se concluyó que la fisioterapia respiratoria aplica protocolos de intervención efectos en el COVID-19 para la mitigación de complicaciones físico y funcionales que mejoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes..Au
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked great havoc on health systems globally. From respiratory physiotherapy, it tends to carry out cost-effective interventions based on the best available evidence, to minimize the functional effects in said patients with COVID-19. For this reason, the literature was reviewed to establish a theoretical review from the functionality in relation to respiratory physiotherapy in the face of the pandemic. The results included publications and management guides in Spanish, English and Portuguese about the actions of the different countries in the face of functional compromises that affect the quality of life of these patients. It was concluded that respiratory physiotherapy applies intervention protocols effects in COVID-19 for the mitigation of physical and functional complications that improve the quality of life of patients..Au
